GMAT Quantitative Reasoning: Syllabus, Exam Pattern, Books & Tips

The GMAT Quantitative Reasoning section has undergone a significant transformation in its Focus Edition, reflecting a streamlined and more targeted approach to testing. Notably, data sufficiency questions have been removed, and geometry-related questions are no longer included, signalling a shift towards problem-solving tasks exclusively.

This updated GMAT’s quantitative section now emphasises logical thinking, mathematical reasoning, and efficiency. With just 21 problem-solving questions to solve in 45 minutes, you’ll need to rely on strategic planning and the ability to think on your feet.

Key Highlights:

• GMAT Quantitative Reasoning in the Focus Edition focuses on problem-solving.
• Geometry and Data Sufficiency questions have been removed.
• The section has 21 questions to be completed in 45 minutes, testing logical thinking, efficiency, and mathematical reasoning.
• Core topics include arithmetic, algebra, and word problems with a focus on real-world applications.
• Aim to spend about 2 minutes per question.

GMAT Quantitative Reasoning Syllabus 

The GMAT Quantitative Reasoning section, as per the latest GMAT syllabus, covers key mathematical and analytical topics, including arithmetic, algebra, and word problems. This section challenges your ability to solve problems and evaluate the sufficiency of provided information.

Here’s a clear breakdown of the topics covered to help you focus your preparation:

What is Tested on the GMAT Quantitative Reasoning?

The GMAT Quantitative Reasoning section evaluates your mathematical skills and logical reasoning through problem-solving. Here's a detailed table of topics and their frequency on the test:

1. Integer Properties & Factors

This area tests your understanding of foundational number properties, including divisibility, prime numbers, factors, multiples, and the behaviour of exponents and roots. It’s all about recognising patterns and applying basic arithmetic rules.

Example Question:
If nn is a positive integer and 2n3n+1=6482n×3n+1=648, what is the value of nn?

Solution:

Prime factorise 648648: 648=2334648=23×34.
Match the powers of 22 and 33: n=3n=3.

The correct answer is n=3n=3.

Another common question might involve finding the greatest common divisor (GCD) or least common multiple (LCM) of two numbers.

2. Algebra

Algebra questions test your ability to work with equations, inequalities, and expressions. These problems might involve solving linear or quadratic equations, simplifying algebraic expressions, or working with functions and graphs.

Example Question:
Solve the equation 2x2-8x=02x2−8x=0.

Solution:

Factorise the equation: 2xx-4=02x(x−4)=0.
Solve for xx: x=0x=0 or x=4x=4.

Example Question:
If y=2x+5y=2x+5, what is the value of yy when x=-3x=−3?

Solution:

Substitute x=-3x=−3 into the equation:
y=2-3+5=-6+5=-1y=2(−3)+5=−6+5=−1.

The correct answer is y=-1y=−1.

3. Rates, Ratios, and Percents

These questions involve proportional relationships, such as speed and time, scaling factors, and percentage changes. Mastery in handling ratios and converting percentages into fractions and decimals is crucial.

Example Question:
A car travels 60 km/h for the first half of a journey and 90 km/h for the second half. What is the average speed of the car for the entire journey?

Solution:

1. Assume the total distance = 2D2D, so each half is DD.
2. Time taken for the first half: D/60D/60.
   Time taken for the second half: D/90D/90.
3. Total time:
   D/60+D/90=5D/180=D/36D/60+D/90=5D/180=D/36.

4. Statistics, Sets, Combinations, Probability, and Sequences

This category evaluates your understanding of statistical measures like mean, median, and mode, as well as your ability to work with probability, combinations, and sequences. Questions in this area often involve calculating probabilities, or identifying patterns.

Question: The ages of five children are 3, 7, 7, 10, and 13. What is the mean, median, and mode of their ages?

Solution:

• Mean: Add all the ages and divide by the number of children:
  3+7+7+10+13/5=40/5=8(3+7+7+10+13)/5=40/5=8.
  Mean = 8.
• Median: Arrange the numbers in ascending order and find the middle value:
  3,7,7,10,133,7,7,10,13.
  Median = 7.
• Mode: The number that appears most frequently:
  Mode = 7.

5. Probability Example

Question: A bag contains 4 red balls, 3 green balls, and 5 blue balls. If one ball is drawn randomly, what is the probability it is red?

Solution:

• Total number of balls: 4+3+5=124+3+5=12.
• Probability of red ball: 4/12=1/34/12=1/3.
  Answer: 1/31/3.

6. Combinations Example

Question: A committee of 3 members is to be formed from a group of 5 people. How many different committees can be formed?

Solution:
Use the combinations formula:
Cn,r=n!r!n-r!C(n,r)=r!(n−r)!n!​
Substitute n=5n=5 and r=3r=3:
C5,3=5!3!5-3!=5421=10C(5,3)=3!(5−3)!5!​=2×15×4​=10.
Answer: 1010.

7. Sequences Example

Question: What is the 10th term of the arithmetic sequence 3, 7, 11, 15, ...?

Solution:

Identify the first term (a=3a=3) and the common difference (d=4d=4).

Use the formula for the nth term:
an=a+n-1dan​=a+(n−1)⋅d.
Substitute n=10n=10:
a10=3+10-14=3+36=39a10​=3+(10−1)⋅4=3+36=39.
Answer: 3939.

How is GMAT Quantitative Reasoning Section's Score Calculated? 

The GMAT Quantitative Reasoning section score ranges from 60 to 90 and contributes to your total GMAT score, which is between 205 and 805. The scoring is adaptive, meaning the difficulty level of subsequent questions depends on how well you answer earlier ones. Your raw score reflects the number of correct answers and the difficulty level of those questions. The score is then scaled and converted into a percentile ranking. This ranking shows how you performed relative to other test-takers:

Strategies to Ace the GMAT Quantitative Reasoning Section

Success in the GMAT Quantitative Reasoning section requires more than just maths knowledge; it demands strategy, time management, and smart preparation. Whether you're brushing up on basic concepts or refining advanced skills, having a clear game plan can make all the difference. Here are some expert strategies to help you work on your score:

• Master the Basics: Ensure a strong grasp of foundational maths concepts like algebra and arithmetic. Build confidence in tackling problems through consistent practice.
• Understand the Question Types: Familiarise yourself with problem-solving formats. Learn to quickly distinguish what the question is asking and the best approach to answer it.
• Time Management is Key: Allocate about 2 minutes per question. For tougher questions, avoid spending too much time—mark your best guess and move on.
• Focus on Weak Areas: Use practice tests to identify your weaknesses and spend extra time improving those areas. Whether it’s probability or algebra, targeted preparation is essential.
• Work Backwards: For some problems, especially those involving variables or percentages, consider plugging in the answer choices to save time.
• Use Official Practice Resources: The GMAT is known for its unique question styles. Practising official questions ensures familiarity with the exam’s structure.

Recommended Books for GMAT Quantitative Reasoning Section?

Choosing the right resources is crucial for effective GMAT prep, especially for the Quantitative Reasoning section. The right books not only explain concepts but also provide strategies and authentic practice questions.

Here are some top books highly recommended by experts:

1. The Official Guide for GMAT Review

This book is considered the most authentic GMAT prep resource, as it features real GMAT questions from past exams. It includes both verbal and quantitative sections, with a strong emphasis on quantitative reasoning, making it an essential resource for understanding the difficulty level and format of the GMAT. The guide also provides detailed answer explanations and strategies for tackling different types of questions.

2. GMAT Advanced Quant by Manhattan Prep

This book covers advanced math topics such as combinatorics, probability, advanced algebra, and number properties, offering in-depth strategies and solutions. The book includes practice problems at a higher difficulty level, helping students strengthen their problem-solving skills for the most challenging GMAT quantitative questions.

3. Kaplan GMAT Math Workbook

A great resource for building a solid foundation in math, this workbook provides step-by-step explanations of key concepts such as algebra and arithmetic. It includes over 300 practice questions with detailed solutions, making it perfect for hands-on learners. The workbook-style format encourages active learning, helping you reinforce your understanding of fundamental math concepts and gradually build your confidence for the test.

4. GMAT Math Strategy Guide by Manhattan Prep

This strategy guide is focused on teaching you how to approach GMAT quantitative questions with a strategic mindset. It offers comprehensive lessons on math topics like algebra, arithmetic, geometry, and word problems, and breaks down each topic with clear, structured explanations. The book focuses ontechniques to improve accuracy and speed, offering valuable test-taking strategies to solve questions more efficiently. It's a great choice for those looking to sharpen both their conceptual understanding and test-taking skills.

5. Veritas Prep Complete GMAT Course

This all-in-one guide is perfect for those looking for a comprehensive approach to GMAT preparation. The book includes detailed lessons, practice questions, and strategies for each section, making it a well-rounded resource for students who want to ensure they are fully prepared for all aspects of the test. Additionally, it comes with online support and access to practice exams for a more immersive study experience.

From the Desk of Yocket

The GMAT Quantitative Reasoning section in the Focus Edition is a reflection of evolving  testing trends, focusing on problem-solving skills and logical thinking. As you prepare, focus on developing a strong mathematical foundation and strategic time management to ace the 21 questions in 45 minutes.

At Yocket Prep, we understand that dealing with such transitions can be challenging. Use our expert resources, practice tests, and guidance, to make your GMAT preparation smoother and more efficient. Your dream business school is just a well-prepared exam away!